Review for Exam 2

• What is momentum?
• How is impulse related to momentum?
• How are force and impulse related?
• What is meant by conservation of momentum?
• Under what circumstances is momentum conserved?
• What is angular momentum?
• Describe and EXPLAIN the demonstrations.
• What is kinetic energy? How is it defined?
• What is work? How is it defined?
• Under what conditions is work done positive? negative? zero?
• What is the work-energy theorem?
• Why are conservative forces important?
• Is friction a conservative force? Why?
• What is the mechanical energy of an object? Why is it important?
• What effect does friction have on the mechanical energy of an object?
• How is power defined?
• Is temperature the same as heat? Explain!
• What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics about?
• What do we mean by the internal energy (of a solid)?
• What is the significance of the Kelvin temperature scale?
• What is the first law of thermodynamics?
• How is the first law related to the conservation of energy?
• What does the third law of thermodynamics deal with?
• What is a heat engine?
• Our schematic models of heat engines used reservoirs. What is a thermal reservoir?
• How is the thermal efficiency of a heat engine defined?
• What determines the maximum possible thermal efficiency of an engine?
• What does the second law of thermodynamics require of all heat engines?
• How do we turn our schematic heat engine into a refrigerator?
• What does the second law say about refrigerators?
• What forbids perpetual motion machines?
• On the microscopic level, an increase in entropy is associated with ...
• What does the second law say about the change in the entropy of the universe?
• Give an example of a process where the entropy change of the universe is zero.
• Entropy is macroscopically defined as ...
• What is the definition of the specific heat of a substance?
• What kinds of materials have the largest values of c? the lowest?
• What is a calorie? a kilocalorie? a food calorie?
• Why do the seasons lag behind the length of the day?
• If a substance freezes at a certain temperature, it is said to have a ...
• If a substance vaporizes at a certain temperature, it is said to have a ...
• What is the specific heat of water? the latent heat of fusion of ice?
• What are the three processes for the transfer of heat energy?
• What is a thermal insulator? a thermal conductor?
• Upon what fluid property does convection depend?
• Which thermal transfer process(es) depend on the area of the object?
• Which thermal transfer process(es) depend on the temperature difference?
• Which thermal transfer process(es) depend on the flow of a fluid?
• Which thermal transfer process(es) depend on the color of the object (dark or shiny)?
• When will an object be in thermal equilibrium, if it receives only radiation from its environment?
• How does the length of an object at one temperature depend on its length at another?
• How does the change in length of an object depend on the change in temperature?
• Most objects ____ when their temperature increases.
• If an object with a hole in it expands due to heating, the hole will ...